Introducing the Pseudepigrapha of Second Temple Judaism

Message, Context, and Significance

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Pub Date 17 Nov 2020 | Archive Date 11 Jan 2021

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Description

2020 Center for Biblical Studies Book Award (Reference Works)

This book introduces readers to a much-neglected and misunderstood assortment of Jewish writings from around the time of the New Testament. Dispelling mistaken notions of "falsely attributed writings" that are commonly inferred from the designation "pseudepigrapha," Daniel Gurtner demonstrates the rich indebtedness these works exhibit to the traditions and scriptures of Israel's past. In surveying many of the most important works, Introducing the Pseudepigrapha of Second Temple Judaism shows how the pseudepigrapha are best appreciated in their own varied contexts rather than as mere "background" to early Christianity or emerging rabbinic Judaism. Foreword by Loren T. Stuckenbruck.
2020 Center for Biblical Studies Book Award (Reference Works)

This book introduces readers to a much-neglected and misunderstood assortment of Jewish writings from around the time of the New...

Advance Praise

“Since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls it has become clear that pseudepigrapha are critical for understanding ancient Judaism and Christianity. Daniel Gurtner provides a much-needed new introduction to these writings, deftly synthesizing cutting-edge specialist research into an engaging and accessible book brimming with insights that will challenge and delight. The result is a perfect resource for teaching as well as an ideal entry point for readers interested in learning more about these fascinating but neglected writings.”—Annette Yoshiko Reed, professor of religious studies, New York University 

“This is a comprehensive, well-informed, and up-to-date introduction to a large body of literature deriving from early Judaism. Scholars are becoming more cautious about which of the so-called Old Testament Pseudepigrapha we can be confident derive from that milieu. Gurtner rightly gives most attention to those that are generally agreed to be Jewish works from the Second Temple period, but he also discusses others that have often been treated as such so that readers may be aware of the issues of date and provenance that are still uncertain. This is a very helpful reference work, both for those who are new to this field and for those who have already engaged with this fascinating body of literature.”—Richard Bauckham, emeritus professor of New Testament studies, University of St. Andrews 

“The collection known as the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha is an indispensable resource for appreciating developments within Second Temple Judaism and early Christianity—but where is one to begin, and what is one to look for in these texts? Daniel Gurtner’s distinguished history of research in this corpus makes him a reliable guide for the uninitiated explorer. He focuses here on a judicious selection of the most influential and illuminating writings within this collection and orients the reader to what each contributes to our knowledge of the varieties of thought among, the multiform challenges addressed by, and the contributions of these writers, while also giving briefer orientations to other works throughout the larger collection. This is now perhaps the premier point of entry into these writings, which might otherwise seem inaccessible.”—David A. deSilva, Trustees’ Distinguished Professor of New Testament and Greek, Ashland Theological Seminary 

“Throughout Introducing the Pseudepigrapha of Second Temple Judaism Daniel Gurtner demonstrates his mastery of this important material. I like the way he has organized and arranged these complicated and diverse writings. I like the way he introduces them, and I like the way he explains why they are important and how they assist us in better understanding Judaism and Christianity in late antiquity. Interpreters of the Bible need this book on their desks.”—Craig A. Evans, John Bisagno Distinguished Professor of Christian Beginnings, Houston Baptist University 

“Introducing the Pseudepigrapha of Second Temple Judaism is a work that includes texts from the Hellenistic period that participate in and were composed alongside the biblical corpus. The Pseudepigrapha must be read with the canonical biblical collections because it exemplifies the innovative exegetical imaginations, practices of reading, and emerging beliefs that are essential to understanding the formation of Judaism and Christianity in antiquity. The texts of the Pseudepigrapha are some of our earliest expressions of commentary, hermeneutics, and liturgy from the Hellenistic period. These texts contribute to how we have come to understand performance, pedagogy, and ritual in Jewish antiquity. This is an important new book that integrates new research and new findings with commentaries and introductions to these texts.”—Hindy Najman, Oriel and Laing Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture, Oriel College, Oxford University 

“Gurtner has selected for discussion some of the most influential Jewish pseudepigrapha. By offering fresh overviews and mature introductions to each, he draws on recent research and makes them accessible to contemporary readers. This book holds the door open to anyone interested in scripture interpretation and seeks to let the claims of pseudepigrapha speak for themselves. After all, today, as in the past, they invite theological as well as historical and literary engagement.”—Loren T. Stuckenbruck (from the foreword) 

“Since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls it has become clear that pseudepigrapha are critical for understanding ancient Judaism and Christianity. Daniel Gurtner provides a much-needed new...


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Featured Reviews

Just as there are many books written today reflecting on life, faith, and God, so too has it always been—including during the period of Second Temple Judaism (515 BC to 70 AD). Because fewer of those works have survived the centuries, and fewer still get translated, and fewer still get taught in seminaries, and fewer still receive any airtime in more popular contexts, one might be forgiven for thinking they're fairly irrelevant, but this is not the case. Furthermore, these works can come off as frankly pretty strange to the modern ear, whether because they're talking about things we're just not familiar with, or because they're writing in ways that would not fly today (such as writing in the voice of an historic figure; the word "Pseudepigrapha literally means 'writings falsely ascribed'").

This is why Dr. Daniel M. Gurtner's latest work, Introducing the Pseudepigrapha of Second Temple Judaism is so salient: this literature is profoundly helpful in illuminating the thought and the faith of the Jewish community in the time leading up to and including the New Testament. Of course, it is literature unto itself, so it would be a mistake to only consider it in light of what it can teach us about something else. For whatever reason you may be inclined to pick up this book, you'll find a set of helpful introductions to various works produced during this period, divided into four categories: Apocalypses, Testaments and Testament-like documents, Legends and Biblical Expansions, and Psalms/Wisdom Literature/Prayers.

Each introduction includes a general overview, an outline, its language, manuscript history, origin, date, a brief summary of its contents, and then finally a few words on its contribution, context, and purpose. Some of these works, for example, were likely written later than they purport to be. Some of them were preserved at Qumran and are thus unambiguously earlier. Some works are only preserved in Ethiopic, or Greek, or Aramaic. Gurtner works to highlight the significance of all these various details and how they have impacted a work's reception.

It's worth noting that this present volume only contains introductions and not the texts themselves, and so if you're genuinely interested in learning more about this corpus of literature it would behoove you to pick up a copy of Charlesworth's two-volume Old Testament Pseudepigrapha or something similar. This was really my only disappointment; while a surveyor of the Old Testament itself or even the Apocrypha might reasonably expect the reader to have a copy of those texts, it seems unlikely in the case of the rather more obscure pseudepigrapha (especially Gurtner's specific selections!) to have a copy on hand. It does not make what Gurtner wrote any less useful, but it makes it a bit less accessible for the pastor-theologian who is trying to do this sort of learning outside the academy in the context of a local congregation.

DISCLAIMER: I received a copy of this book from the publisher for the purpose of a fair, unbiased review.

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An excellent resource which will help contextualize and explain pseudepigraphal texts of Second Temple Judaism.

The author provides an introduction explaining the purpose of the work and the nature of pseudepigraphy. The work then explores the apocalypses, testaments, legends and traditions, and psalms and wisdom literature which makes up what we deem the pseudepigrapha. Only those works which have at least a Second Temple substrate are discussed. For each the author provides an introduction and general overview of the work; summarizes the content of the work; explores parallels with other works; describes the condition of the text; and considers its influence.

This works well in concert with Charlesworth et al to provide a more full introduction, and thus well designed for new students and those with a general interest in pseudepigraphal literature.

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